☼ Later Vedic Period [1000 BC - 600 BC] :
Geographical Area.
• During the later Vedic Period, the Aryan settlements covered virtually the whole of Northern India, the then called 'Aryavarta'.
• The centre of culture now shifted from Saraswati to Ganges i.e. Madhya desa.
• There was mention of more rivers such as Narmada, Sadanira (modern Gandak), Chambal etc.
• The expansion of people towards the east is indicated in a legend of Satapatha Brahamana- how Videha Madhava migrated from the Saraswati region, crossed Sadanira and came to the land of Videha (modern Tirhut).
• Emergence of Janapadas— Janapadas emerged such as Kuru (Combination of Purus and Bharatas), Panchala (Combination of Turvashas and Krivis), Kashi etc. in Doab region.
• Later Vedic literatures mention Vindhya mountain (Southern mountain).
• Reference to the territorial divisions the later Vedas gives three broad divisions of India, viz. (i) Aryavarta (Northern India), (ii) Madhya desa (Central India) and (iii) Dakhinapath (Southern India).
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