☼ Sects of Jainism:-
• In 298 BC, there was a serious famine in Magadha (South Bihar). Many Jain monks were compelled to go to to the Deccan and South India (Shravanbelgola in the state of Karnataka) along with Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta Maurya. They returned back after 12 years. The leader of the group, which stayed back at Magadha was Sthulabhadra. When the Jains the group of Bhadrabahu and others returned from South India, they held that complete nudity be an essential part of the teachings of Mahavira, while the monks in Magadha began to put on white clothes. Thus arose the two sects (a) Shvetambaras (white clad) and (b) Digambaras (sky-clad).
(a) Shvetambaras are those who put on white robes. Sthulabhadra was the leader of Shvetambaras.
(b) Digambaras are those who were stark naked. Bhadrabahu was the leader of the Digambaras.
☼ Examples of Jain Architecture :
1. Gumphas i.e. Caves : Hathigumpha, Baghagumpha etc., Udaigiri and Khandagiri (Orissa) are the example of Gumphas.
2. Dilwara temples : Vimalavasahi temple, Tejapala temple and Mount Abu (Rajasthan), Giranar and Palitana (Gujarat), Pavapuri temple, Rajagriha temple (Bihar) are the example of temples.
3. Statue of Gometeshwar/Bahubali at Shravanbelgola (Karnataka).
were the examples of jain Architecture.
☼ Royal Patrons:-
I. North India :
1. Bimbisar, Ajatshatru and Udayin, (the kings of Haryank dynasty); Nandas (kings of Nanda dynasty) ; Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara and Samprati (the king of Maurya dynasty)— Magadha
2. Pradyota (king of Avanti)
3. Udayan (king of Sindhu-Sauvira)
4. Kharavela (Kalinga)
were the royal patrons of Jainism in North India.
II. South India:-
1. Ganga Dynasty.
2. Kadamb Dynasty.
3. Siddharaj Jai Singh and Kumarpala ( the king of Chaulukya /Solanki dynasty).
4. Amoghavarsha (the king of Rashtrakuta Dynasty).
were the great patrons of Jainism in South India.
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