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Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.

Aldehydes and Ketones – Preparation from esters, acid chlorides, gem-dihalides, Ca-salt of carboxylic acids.

Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
Hybridization of carbon δ and π-bonds.

Environmental Chemistry
Common modes of pollution of air, water and soil. Ozone layer, ozone hole – important chemical reactions.
Green House effect; Smog; Pollution of water by domestic and industrial effluents; Pollutants–pesticides, fertilizers and plastics.

Heavy Chemicals : Sulfuric acid (contact process), Ammonia (Haber’s process), Nitric acid (Ostwald’s process), sodium bi-carbonate and sodium carbonate (Solvey process).
Polymers, Polythene, Nylon-66, rubber from natural source, vulcanization.

Chemistry in Industry
Large scale production (including physicochemical principles where applicable omitting technical details and uses of individual items).

Chemistry of Metals :
General principles of metallurgy – occurrence, concentration of ores, production and purification of metals, mineral wealth of India.

Halogen

Chemistry of Non-metallic Elements and their Compounds
Carbon – occurrence, isotopes, allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerene); CO and CO₂ production, properties and uses.

Ionic and Redox Equilibria