Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Radioactivity – α-, β- ,γ—rays and their properties; Artificial transmutation; Rate of radioactive decay, decay constant, half-life and average life period of radio-elements; Units of radioactivity; Numerical problems. Stability of the atomic nucleus – effect of neutron–proton (n/p) ratio on the modes of decay, group displacement law, radioisotopes and their uses (C, P, Co and I as examples) isobars and isotones (definition and examples), elementary idea of nuclear fission and fusion reactions.

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Gaseous state

Gaseous state
Measurable properties of gases. Boyle’s Law and Charles Law, absolute scale of temperature, kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas equation – average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relationship with temperature.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, the Octet rule, electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds with examples; Properties of electrovalent and covalent compounds. Limitations of Octet rule (examples); Fajan’s Rule.
Directionality of covalent bonds, shapes of poly-atomic molecules (examples); Concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals (qualitative pictorial approach) : sp, sp², sp³ and dsp².

Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

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