Aliphatic Compounds: Ethers

Aromatic Aldehydes – Preparation by Gattermann, Gattermann – Koch, Rosenmund and Stephen’s method. Reactions – Perkin, Benzoin and Cannizzaro.

Haloarenes – Nucleophilic substitution, cine substitution (excluding mechanism).
Phenols – halogenation, sulfonation, nitration, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions.

Aromatic Compounds

Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.

Aldehydes and Ketones – Preparation from esters, acid chlorides, gem-dihalides, Ca-salt of carboxylic acids.