Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.
Aliphatic Amines – Preparation from nitro, cyano and amido compounds. Distinction of 1º, 2º and 3º amines (Hinsberg method); Reaction with HNO2; Carbyl amine reaction.
Unit of Life : Definition of life, Cell as the basic unit of life. Cell theory, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell –structure and differences.
Modern Physics : Bohr’s atomic model for hydrogen like atom, hydrogen spectrum, x-ray emission, Moseley’s law, wave particle duality, de Broglie’s hypothesis, photo-electric effect.
Constituents of atoms, isotopes, mass defect, mass-energy equivalence, binding energy. radioactivity - α, β, γ radiation, half life, mean life, fission, fusion.
Energy bands in solids, intrinsic and doped semiconductors, p-n junction diode, rectifier, pnp and npn transistors, common emitter characteristics.
