Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.
Aliphatic Amines – Preparation from nitro, cyano and amido compounds. Distinction of 1º, 2º and 3º amines (Hinsberg method); Reaction with HNO2; Carbyl amine reaction.
Environmental Pollution : Air, water and noise pollution – sources effects and probable control strategies; Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation. Cause of Dyslexia, Minamata and Etai etai diseases. Green house
Ecosystem : Concept of ecosystem and Biosphere, Wetland.
Brief idea of Ecological pyramids, Energy flow, Biogeochemical cycle (concept only).
Population Biology : Concept of population growth (logistic and exponential) and population control.
Concept of Biodiversity : Definition of Biodiversity ; Genetic diversity; Species diversity and Ecosystem diversity.
Taxonomy and Classification : Definition; Importance of Taxonomy, Binomial Nomenclature, Law of Priority (Homonym & Synonym)
