Nervous and Muscular system

Nervous and Muscular system : Brief outline of human brain structure.

Cranial Nerves : Distribution and Function.Spinal cord – Structure and major functions, Reflex arc (types) and reflex action : Conditional and unconditional reflexes.

Autonomic : sympathetic and parasympathetic (definition only) nervous system.

Synapse : Structure and mechanism of synaptic transmission.

Different types of muscles and their structure, properties of muscles
(i) Excitability (ii) Contractility (iii) All or none law (iv) Refractory period (v) Summation of stimuli (vi) Tetanus (vii) Rigor mortis; Machanism of muscle contraction.

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Gaseous state

Gaseous state
Measurable properties of gases. Boyle’s Law and Charles Law, absolute scale of temperature, kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas equation – average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relationship with temperature.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, the Octet rule, electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds with examples; Properties of electrovalent and covalent compounds. Limitations of Octet rule (examples); Fajan’s Rule.
Directionality of covalent bonds, shapes of poly-atomic molecules (examples); Concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals (qualitative pictorial approach) : sp, sp², sp³ and dsp².

Nervous and Muscular system

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