Chromosomes and Cell Division : Morphology of chromosomes; Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.
Nucleic acid as genetic material (Examples : Bacterial Transformation and Viral Transduction).
Brief idea of Polytene Chromosomes : Cell cycle and phases (excluding control mechanism). Characters of malignant cell; Process & significance of Meiosis.
Gaseous state
Measurable properties of gases. Boyle’s Law and Charles Law, absolute scale of temperature, kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas equation – average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relationship with temperature.
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, the Octet rule, electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds with examples; Properties of electrovalent and covalent compounds. Limitations of Octet rule (examples); Fajan’s Rule.
Directionality of covalent bonds, shapes of poly-atomic molecules (examples); Concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals (qualitative pictorial approach) : sp, sp2, sp3 and dsp2.
The Periodic Table and Chemical Families
Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Atomic Structure
