Biotechnological application of microbes : (a)Agricultural – Rhizobium and other Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Biofertilizers and Bio-pesticides ; (b) Industrial – Production of curd; tanning and brewery; synthesis of antibiotics, vitamin. (c) Cloning of microbial genes.
Metabolism : Definition; B.M.R.– Controlling factors; elementary idea of metabolic pathways; glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, Oxidation of fatty acids, Ketone body formation and its significance.
Nutrition and Digestive System : Basic constituents of food and their nutritional significance. Vitamins – dietary sources, functions and deficiency symptoms of water and fat soluble vitamins. Structure and functions of the alimentary canal and the digestive glands.
Functions of life :
Photosynthesis :
Tissue and tissue system : (a)Plant Tissues–Meristematic and permanent (types with characterization and function). (b)Animal Tissue – outline classification and examples.
Virus and Bacteria : Morphological characteristics of Bacteriophage (T2),Plant virus (TMV);Animal virus (influenza), Bacterial cell (E. coli).
Staining : Gram staining for bacteria.
