CLASS 13 - Manipulating Strings
In the last hour's lesson you learned how to use arrays to collect variables of the same type. You also learned that a character string is actually a character array ended with a null character \0. In this lesson you'll learn more about strings and C functions that can be used to manipulate strings. The following topics are covered:
Declaring a string
The length of a string
Copying strings
Reading strings with scanf(
The gets() and puts() functions
Summary
- A string is a character array with a null character as the terminator at the last element.
- A string constant is a series of characters enclosed by double quotes.
- The C compiler automatically appends a null character to the array that has been initialized by a string constant.
- You cannot assign a string constant to a dereferenced char pointer.
- The strlen() function can be used to measure the length of a string. This function does not count the null character in the last element.
- You can copy a string from one array to another by calling the C function strcpy().
- The gets() function can be used to read a series of characters. This function stops reading when the newline character or end-of-file (EOF) is encountered. A null character is attached to the array that stores the characters automatically after the reading.
- The puts() function sends all characters, except the null character, in a string to the stdout, and appends a newline character to the output.
- You can read different data items with the scanf() function by using various format specifiers.
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