Optics : Reflection and refraction at plane and spherical surfaces, total internal reflection, thin lenses, power of a lens, combination of lenses and mirrors, deviation and dispersion by prisms.
Simple and compound microscopes, astronomical telescope, human eye: defects and remedies.
Coherent sources, interference of light, Young’s double slit.
Principle of Mathematical Induction : Statement of the principle. Proof by induction for the sum of squares, sum of cubes of first n natural numbers, divisibility properties like 22n–1 is divisible by 3 (n≥1), 7 divides 32n+1+2n+2(n≥1).
Permutation and combination : Permutation of n different things taken r at a time (r≤n). Permutation of n things not all different. Permutation with repetitions (circular permutation excluded).
Quadratic Equations : Quadratic equations with real coefficients; Relations between roots and coefficients; Nature of roots; Formation of a quadratic equation, sign and magnitude of the quadratic expression ax2+bx+c (a,b,c are rational numbers and a≠0).
Complex Numbers: Definition and properties of complex numbers; Complex conjugate; Triangle inequality; Square root of complex numbers; Cube roots of unity; D’Moivre’s theorem (statement only) and its elementary applications.
Logarithms :Definition; General properties; Change of base.
