Quadratic Equations : Quadratic equations with real coefficients; Relations between roots and coefficients; Nature of roots; Formation of a quadratic equation, sign and magnitude of the quadratic expression ax2+bx+c (a,b,c are rational numbers and a≠0).
Aromatic Aldehydes – Preparation by Gattermann, Gattermann – Koch, Rosenmund and Stephen’s method. Reactions – Perkin, Benzoin and Cannizzaro.
Haloarenes – Nucleophilic substitution, cine substitution (excluding mechanism).
Phenols – halogenation, sulfonation, nitration, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions.
Aromatic Compounds
Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.
Aldehydes and Ketones – Preparation from esters, acid chlorides, gem-dihalides, Ca-salt of carboxylic acids.
