Introduction to Bio-Molecules
Carbohydrates – Pentoses and hexoses. Distinctive chemical reactions of glucose.
Aminoacids – glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine (structures). Zwitterion structures of amino acids, peptide bond.
ADP and ATP – structures and role in bioenergetics; Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA skeleton structures. Names of essential elements in biological system.
Haloarenes – Nucleophilic substitution, cine substitution (excluding mechanism).
Phenols – halogenation, sulfonation, nitration, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions.
Aromatic Compounds
Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.
Aldehydes and Ketones – Preparation from esters, acid chlorides, gem-dihalides, Ca-salt of carboxylic acids.
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
Hybridization of carbon δ and π-bonds.
