Chemistry of Non-metallic Elements and their Compounds

Chemistry of Non-metallic Elements and their Compounds
Carbon – occurrence, isotopes, allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerene); CO and CO₂ production, properties and uses.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus – occurrence, isotopes, allotopes, isolation from natural sources and purification, reactivity of the free elements. Preparation, properties, reactions of NH₃, PH₃ , NO, NO₂ , HNO₂, HNO₃, P₄O₁₀, H₃PO₃ and H₃PO₄.
Oxygen and Sulfur – Occurrence, isotopes, allotropic forms, isolation from natural sources and purification, properties and reactions of the free elements. Water, unusual properties of water, heavy water (production and uses). Hydrogen peroxide and ozone (production, purification, properties and uses).

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Halogen

Halogen

Ionic and Redox Equilibria

Ionic and Redox Equilibria

Physical Chemistry of Solutions

Physical Chemistry of Solutions
Colloidal Solutions – differences from true solutions; Hydrophobic and hydrophilic colloids (examples and uses); Coagulation and peptization of colloids; Dialysis and its applications; Brownian motion; Tyndall effect and its applications; Elementary idea of emulsion, surfactant and micelle.
Electrolytic Solutions – Specific conductance, equivalent conductance, ionic conductance, Kohlrausch’s law, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, applications. Numerical problems.

Chemical Energetics and Chemical Dynamics

Chemical Energetics and Chemical Dynamics
Chemical Energetics – Conservation of energy principle, energy changes in physical and chemical transformations. First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy.

Gaseous state

Gaseous state
Measurable properties of gases. Boyle’s Law and Charles Law, absolute scale of temperature, kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas equation – average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relationship with temperature.