Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, the Octet rule, electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds with examples; Properties of electrovalent and covalent compounds. Limitations of Octet rule (examples); Fajan’s Rule.
Directionality of covalent bonds, shapes of poly-atomic molecules (examples); Concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals (qualitative pictorial approach) : sp, sp2, sp3 and dsp2.
Molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species – bond order and magnetic properties.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) concept (elementary idea) – shapes of molecules. Concept of resonance (elementary idea), resonance structures (examples). Elementary idea about electronegativity, bond polarity and dipole moment, inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bonding and its effects on physical properties (mp, bp and solubility); Hydrogen bridge bonds in diborane.
Double salts and complex salts, co-ordination compounds (examples only), co-ordination number (examples of co-ordination number 4 and 6 only).
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