Aliphatic Compounds: Alkenes and Alkynes

Aliphatic Compounds
Alkanes – Preparation from alkyl halides and carboxylic acids; Reactions – halogenation and combustion.

Alkenes and Alkynes – Preparation by elimination of alcohols, alkyl halides and quaternary ammonium hydroxides, Saytzeff and Hofmann rules; Reactions – electrophilic addition of X₂, HX, HOX, H₂O (X=halogen), ozonolysis, epoxidation and oxidation with KMnO₄, OsO₄ (stereochemistry of addition excluded).
Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s additions; Hydroboration; Oxymercuration – demercuration, reduction of alkenes and alkynes (H₂/Lindler catalyst and Na in liquid NH₃), metal acetylides.
Alkyl halides – Preparation from alcohols; Formation of Grignard reagents and their synthetic applications for the preparation of alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids; S_N1 and S_N2 reactions (preliminary concept).
Alcohols – Preparation from carbonyl compounds and esters. Reaction – dehydration, oxidation, esterification, reaction with sodium, ZnCl₂ / HCl, phosphorous halides.

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Modern Physics

Modern Physics : Bohr’s atomic model for hydrogen like atom, hydrogen spectrum, x-ray emission, Moseley’s law, wave particle duality, de Broglie’s hypothesis, photo-electric effect.
Constituents of atoms, isotopes, mass defect, mass-energy equivalence, binding energy. radioactivity - α, β, γ radiation, half life, mean life, fission, fusion.
Energy bands in solids, intrinsic and doped semiconductors, p-n junction diode, rectifier, pnp and npn transistors, common emitter characteristics.

Electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic induction : Magnetic flux, Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law, self and mutual induction, , Flemings right hand rule, Alternating current, peak and rms value of alternating current; generator, D.C. motor and transformer Qualitativ

Electromagnatism

Electromagnatism : Magnetic effects of Current, Biot Savart’s law, magnetic field due to an infinite line charge, circular coil and solenoid, Ampere’s circuital law, Lorentz force, Fleming’s left hand rule, force between two current carrying conductors, magnetic moment of a curre

Current Electricity

Current Electricity : Electric current, drift velocity and mobility, Ohm’s law, resistivity, combination of resistances in series and parallel, combination of cells.
Kirchoffs laws, Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge, potentiometer.

Electrostatics

Electrostatics : Coulomb’s law, electric field and potential,flux of electric field, Gauss’ law, electric field and potential due to an infinite line charge, charged infinite sheet, solid spheres and spherical shells.Electric dipole and field due to dipole.