Physical and Chemical principles involved in maintenance of life processes

Enzymes : Definition & properties, Examples; Mechanism of Action, Allosterism and Regulation.

Biomolecules : Classification and structural properties of carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides, digosaccharides, and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose).

Microscopy : Components and principles of Simple and Compound Microscope;

Electron Microscope : Basic functional principles.

Ultrastructure and functions of cellular components : Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Plastid, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Nucleus, Centrosomes, Cilia, Flagella.

Unit of Life : Definition of life, Cell as the basic unit of life. Cell theory, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell –structure and differences.