Functions of life :
Photosynthesis :
Major photosynthetic pigments, outline concept of light and dark reaction phases, basic idea of bacterial photosynthesis, C2, C3, C4 pathways, CAM (in brief), photorespiration.
Respiratory System :
(a) Definition of respiration, Mechanisms of glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle (Flow chart only; calculation for ATP, CO2 & H2O) ; Outline idea of Electron Transport system, Relationships of photosynthesis and respiration.
(b) Respiratory system in human : Respiratory tract, Mechanism of breathing, Role of intercostals muscles and diaphragm;
Significance of physiological and anatomical dead space.
Tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, residual volume, vital capacity. Composition of inspired, expired and alveolar air. Common respiratory diseases – definition and causes – Asthma, Tuberculosis, Hypoxia, Anoxia, Apnoea, Dyspnoea.
Cardiovascular System & Blood :
Anatomy of Heart – junctional tissues of the heart; origin and propagation of cardiac impulse. Histological structures of arteries, veins and capillaries.
Cardiac cycle – Atrial and ventricular events only; cardiac cycle time, Heart sound.
Cardiac output – definition, Stroke and Minutes volume.
Blood Pressure : factors controlling & measurement.
Blood – Composition and functions of blood.
Blood coagulation and anticoagulants, Blood group and Rh factor, Blood Transfusion, Lymph and tissue fluid
formation and functions, Portal circulation.
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