Concept of Biodiversity : Definition of Biodiversity ; Genetic diversity; Species diversity and Ecosystem diversity. Five kingdom classification (only distinct characters).Salient features of major animal phyla with common examples, classification of Chordates (up to Sub Class) with distinctive characters only.
Principle of Mathematical Induction : Statement of the principle. Proof by induction for the sum of squares, sum of cubes of first n natural numbers, divisibility properties like 22n–1 is divisible by 3 (n≥1), 7 divides 32n+1+2n+2(n≥1).
Permutation and combination : Permutation of n different things taken r at a time (r≤n). Permutation of n things not all different. Permutation with repetitions (circular permutation excluded).
Quadratic Equations : Quadratic equations with real coefficients; Relations between roots and coefficients; Nature of roots; Formation of a quadratic equation, sign and magnitude of the quadratic expression ax2+bx+c (a,b,c are rational numbers and a≠0).
Complex Numbers: Definition and properties of complex numbers; Complex conjugate; Triangle inequality; Square root of complex numbers; Cube roots of unity; D’Moivre’s theorem (statement only) and its elementary applications.
Logarithms :Definition; General properties; Change of base.
