An applied science, Biotechnology has applications in healthcare, agriculture, energy and waste management.
Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields. Biotechnology innovations and invenstions are utilized in product development and manufacture. Biotechnology has been a buzzword in Indian media and has been controversial as a number of environmental groups have been opposing biotechnology innovations and applications in India. Yet, some of the biotechnology success stories such as Kiran Mazumdar Shah's Biotech too have been written in India. According to a recent annual report of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAM), India and other developing countries grew close to 43% of the biotech crops in 2010 and would exceed acreage in industrialised nations by 2015. So, there is no escaping from this global phenomenon.
Courses
Biotechnology is fast emerging as a multi-disciplinary science encompassing Biochemistry, Genetics, Cytology, and Pharmacology with applications in medicine, agriculture and environmen
There are various courses, including B.Sc, B.E, B.Tech, 5-year integrated B.Tech/M.Tech) and post-graduate level (Msc/ M.Tech). One can also pursue specialized courses at research level.
Eligibility
To join a B.Tech course in biotechnology one must have a background in science, that is physics or agriculture, chemistry and biology at the intermediate level.
Some universities offer the B.Sc Biotechnology which one can join after class 12 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Graduates in all sciences/engi-neering /medicine are eligible for the post-graduate (M.Sc.) course in biotechnology.
Admission
Selection to the graduate courses
(BE / B.Tech) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams.
Entrance to the IIT's is through JEE (Joint Entrance Examination). Apart from the IIT's, some other famous institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. For other institutions, it is through their own entrance examinations or other state-level and national-level examinations.
Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc / M.Tech) in different universities is through an All India Combined Entrance examination conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through GATE in two-year/4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five-year integrated M.Tech courses in Biochemical engineering and Biotechnology.
List of Institutions
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Marg, New Delhi
- Amravati Uaniversity, Amravati
- Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan
- Iharathiar Uniwersity, Coimbatore
- Bose Institute, P-l/12, CIT Scheme, VII Kankurgachi, Calcutta
- Calicut University, Kozhikode
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai
- Centre for Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Pondichery
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
- Consortium India Ltd,. G-6, (3rd Floor), NDSE Part 1, New Delhi.
- Department of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya Vishwav-idyalaya, Indore
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Goa
- Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Goa
- Department of Microbiology, M.S. University, Vado-dara, Gujarat
- Department of Zoology, Poona University, Pune
- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad
- Faculty of Applied Science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam
- Faculty of Science, G.B, Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pant Nagar, Nainital Dist.
- Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, Haryana.
- Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
- Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Masab Tank, Mahaveer Marg, Hyderabad
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
- Jiwaji University, Gwalior
- Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
- North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon
- Osmania University, Administrative Building, Hyderabad
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
- Punjab University, Patiala
- Rajendra Agricultural University, PO Pusa, Samas-tipur, Bihar
- School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
- School of Life Sciences, Central University, Hyderabad
- Swami Ramanad Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded
- Tezpur University, Tezpur
- University of Delhi. Delhi
- University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
- University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram
- University of Madras, Centenary Building Chepauk, Triplicane PO, Chennai
- University of Mysore, Mysore
- University of Roorkee, Roorkee
Further study in this field would involve a doctoral research. A success in the CSIR-UGC JRF examination would be ideal for this. Some of the centres where Biotechnology labs are equipped with advanced facilities are:
- National Facility for Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) at Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh
- National Facility for Collection of Blue Green Algae
- (BGA) Collection at IARI, New Delhi
- National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria at Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli
- National Facility for Plant Tissue Culture Repository at NBPGR, Pusa, New Delhi
- National Laboratory Animal House Facilities at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad
Genetic Engineering labs with latest infrastructure facilities are:
- BHU, Varanasi
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre at IMTECH, Chandigarh
- Centre for DNA Finger Printing and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad
- JNU, New Delhi
- Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
- National Facility for Animal Cell and Tissue Culture, Pune
- National Institute of Immunology (Nil), New Delhi
- The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
চাকরির বাজার
Opportunities exist in private and public sectors in agri chemical, fertilizer and pharmaceutical industries. Companies dealing with new energy sources and waste management also employ biotechnologists. R&D laboratories are another major recruiter. The leading players include Biocon, Serum Institute of India, Panacea Biotec, Nicholas Piramal, Wockhadrt Limited, GlaxoSmithKline, Bharat Serum, Krebs Biochemicals, Zydus Cadila and Indian Immunologicals and Shantha Biotechnics.